A proposed strategic control approach for Dirofilaria immitis in Galápagos.

Abstract

A strategic approach is proposed for controlling the invasive heartworm Dirofilaria immitis across the Galápagos Islands, where endemic fauna lacks natural resistance. This parasite poses a potential threat to the fitness of native wildlife, particularly the Galápagos sea lions (Zalophus wollebaeki), due to its interaction with the multi-host parasite D. immitis, domestic dogs and suitable mosquito vectors. The control program is based on a detailed understanding of the local life cycle and ecoepidemiology of the parasite. An active surveillance program is essential for successful control and should include testing of resident dogs and cats, passive surveillance, and monitoring of mosquito populations. All infected domestic carnivorans must be treated according to American Heartworm Society (AHS) guidelines, and mosquito control is crucial for reducing the risk of transmission. Additionally, collaboration, technology transfer, and institutional articulation between local entities and academia are essential. These initiatives enhance scientific understanding, improve practical applications, benefit communities, and promote sustainable development.