Early side effects of boosted radiation therapy for dog nasal tumors

Abstract

In order to overcome the common local treatment failure of canine sinonasal tumours, integrated boost techniques were tried in the cobalt/orthovoltage era, but dismissed because of unacceptable early (acute) toxicity. Intriguingly, a recent calculation study of a simultaneously integrated boost (SIB) technique for sinonasal irradiation using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) predicted theoretical feasibility. In this prospective pilot study we applied a commonly used protocol of 10 × 4.2 Gy to the planning target volume (PTV) with a 20%-SIB dose to the gross tumour volume (GTV). Our hypothesis expected this dose escalation to be clinically tolerable if applied with image-guided IMRT. We included 9 dogs diagnosed with sinonasal tumours without local/distant metastases. For treatment planning, organs at risk were contoured according to strict anatomical guidelines. Planning volume extensions (GTV/CTV/PTV) were standardized to minimize interplanner variability. Treatments were applied with rigid patient positioning and verified daily with image guidance. After radiation therapy, we set focus on early ophthalmologic complications as well as mucosal and cutaneous toxicity. Early toxicity was evaluated at week 1, 2, 3, 8 and 12 after radiotherapy. Only mild ophthalmologic complications were found. Three patients (33%) had self-limiting moderate to severe early toxicity (grade 3 mucositis) which was managed medically. No patient developed ulcerations/haemorrhage/necrosis of skin/mucosa. The SIB protocol applied with image-guided IMRT to treat canine sinonasal tumours led to clinically acceptable side effects. The suspected increased tumour control probability and the risk of late toxicity with the used dose escalation of 20% has to be further investigated.