Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Acute kidney injury in dogs - causes, signs, and outcomes
By Rimer, Dar et al.·Published in Journal of veterinary internal medicine·2022·Veterinary Teaching Hospital·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Acute kidney injury in dogs: Etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, prognostic markers, and outcome.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of 249 dogs diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) showed symptoms like lethargy, loss of appetite, and vomiting. The causes of AKI varied, with many cases linked to inflammation or ischemia (lack of blood flow). About two-thirds of the dogs survived after treatment, which included some receiving hemodialysis, a procedure that helped 60% of those dogs recover. The study found that dogs with more severe AKI, especially those unable to urinate, had a higher risk of death.
People also search for: dog vomiting and lethargy · acute kidney injury in dogs · dog hemodialysis survival rate · signs of kidney disease in dogs · dog kidney failure treatment
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, potentially fatal condition. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the etiologies, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, hospitalization period, and outcome of dogs with AKI and to identify markers of negative prognosis. ANIMALS: Two hundred forty-nine client-own dogs diagnosed with AKI and hospitalized at a veterinary teaching hospital. METHODS: Retrospective study. Search of medical records for dogs with AKI. RESULTS: Common clinical signs included lethargy (225/249, 90%), anorexia (206/249, 83%), and vomiting (168/249, 68%). Etiologies included ischemic/inflammatory (144/249, 58%), infectious (19/249, 8%), nephrotoxicosis (14/249, 6%), or other (13/249, 5%). Hospital-acquired AKI was diagnosed in 9% (23/249) of the dogs. Median presentation and peak serum creatinine (sCr) concentrations were 4 mg/dL (range, 1.1-37.9) and 4.6 mg/dL (range, 1.1-43.1), respectively. Dogs were classified to AKI grades as follows: Grade I, 6 (2%), Grade II, 38 (15%), Grade III, 89 (36%), Grade IV, 77 (31%), and Grade V, 39 (16%). One hundred and sixty-four (66%) dogs survived. There was a positive association between death and AKI grade (P = .009). The case fatality rate was higher among dogs with anuria compared with dogs without anuria (50% vs 28%, respectively; odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.5 [1.39-4.6]; P = .002). Forty-seven (18.8%) dogs underwent hemodialysis, of which 60% survived. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Two-thirds of dogs with AKI survived. Hospital-acquired AKI was common. The severity of AKI, as reflected by presence of anuria, AKI grade, and other body organs involvement, was associated with the outcome.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35103347/