Adaptability of Yuanjiang River Valley <i>Danaus genutia</i> to Different Host Plants in Yunan.

Abstract

This study aims to determine the local host plant range for Yuanjiang River Valley <i>Danaus genutia</i> (Cramer, 1779) and evaluate the effects of different host plants on its growth, development, and reproductive success. This research assesses adult oviposition preferences and larval feeding tendencies on various host plants. An age-stage, two-sex life table was constructed to analyze the butterfly's growth, development, reproductive success, survival rates, and other physiological aspects on different host plants. Population dynamics over the next 60 days were simulated to offer a comprehensive evaluation of the host plant suitability for <i>D. genutia</i>. The results indicated that <i>D. genutia</i> adults preferred laying eggs on <i>Cynanchum corymbosum</i>, followed by <i>C. annularium</i>, <i>C. rostellatum</i>, and <i>Asclepias curassavica</i>, with very few eggs laid on <i>Calotropis gigantea</i> and <i>Dregea volubilis</i>. Larval feeding preferences were observed in the order of <i>C. annularium</i> > <i>C. corymbosum</i> > <i>C. rostellatum</i>, with <i>A. curassavica</i> consumed only by first-instar larvae, while <i>C. gigantea</i> and <i>D. volubilis</i> were avoided. Under identical room temperature conditions, larvae feeding on <i>C. annularium</i> and <i>C. corymbosum</i> completed a full generation. Larvae feeding on <i>C. annularium</i> exhibited shorter developmental periods and higher early survival rates compared to those feeding on <i>C. corymbosum</i>, with no significant differences in adult longevity, sex ratio, or number of eggs per female. Female adults did not die immediately after laying eggs. No significant differences in the intrinsic rate of increase (<i>r</i>), finite rate of increase (<i>λ</i>), net reproduction rate (<i>R</i>₀), or doubling time (<i>T_d</i>) were found between populations feeding on the two host plants. However, the gross reproductive rate (<i>GRR</i>) and mean generation time (<i>T</i>) were significantly lower in the population feeding on <i>C. corymbosum</i>. These results confirm <i>C. annularium</i> and <i>C. corymbosum</i> as host plants for <i>D. genutia</i> larvae and provide a theoretical and scientific basis for the conservation of the Yuanjiang River Valley <i>D. genutia</i> population.