Air Pollution-Associated Rhinitis: Exploring the Preventive Role of Nutritional Supplements Against Particulate Matter-Induced Inflammation.

Abstract

Air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM), poses a significant health risk worldwide, with rhinitis emerging as a prevalent respiratory condition. This review explores the association between air pollution and rhinitis, focusing on PM-induced inflammation and the potential preventive role of nutritional supplements. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Scopus databases, covering studies from inception to 2024 that investigated air pollution, rhinitis, and nutritional interventions. This review synthesizes evidence linking PM exposure to increased prevalence and exacerbation of rhinitis through various inflammatory mechanisms. We further examine the potential of nutritional supplements, including kefir peptides, lactoferrin, vitamin D, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics, in mitigating PM-induced inflammation and rhinitis symptoms. However, the evidence regarding the role of these supplements in modulating immune responses and reducing inflammation related to PM-induced rhinitis is limited. This review highlights the potential efficacy of nutritional interventions in preventing and managing air pollution-associated rhinitis, offering a complementary approach to environmental regulations in addressing this public health challenge.