Alleviation effects of Bifidobacterium breve on DSS-induced colitis depends on intestinal tract barrier maintenance and gut microbiota modulation.

Abstract

PURPOSE: The study aimed to investigate the discrepancy and potential mechanisms of different CLA-producing B. breve on dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. METHODS: Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 J mice using DSS. Disease activity index (DAI), histopathological changes, epithelial barrier integrity and epithelial apoptosis were determined. Gut microbiota were gauged to evaluate the systemic effects of CLA-producing B. breve. RESULTS: Oral administration of different B. breve showed different effects, in which B. breve M1 and B. breve M2 alleviated the inflammation induced by DSS as well as significantly increased the concentration of mucin2 (MUC2) and goblet cells, but neither B. breve M3 nor B. breve M4 had those protective effects. Meanwhile, B. breve M1 and B. breve M2 treatments significantly up-regulated the tight junction (TJ) proteins and ameliorated the epithelial apoptosis lead by DSS challenge. Moreover, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) were modulated by B. breve M1 and B. breve M2, neither B. breve M3 nor B. breve M4. Furthermore, B. breve M1 and B. breve M2 reduced the abundance of Bacteroides and increased the abundance of Odoribacter, then rebalanced the damaged gut microbiota. Colonic CLA concentrations in mice fed with B. breve M1, B. breve M2, B. breve M3 and B. breve M4 decreased successively, which showed significant positive correlation with the effectiveness of relieving colitis. CONCLUSIONS: Bifidobacterium breve M1 and B. breve M2 alleviated DSS-induced colitis by producing CLA, inhibiting the inflammatory cytokines, maintaining of the intestinal epithelial barrier and regulating the gut microbiota.