Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
An in vitro method for evaluating endotoxic activity using prostaglandin E(2) induction in bovine peripheral blood.
- Journal:
- Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization
- Year:
- 2013
- Authors:
- Usui, Masaru et al.
- Affiliation:
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory · Japan
Plain-English summary
In Japan, there have been many reports of serious side effects from vaccines given to cows, especially those containing Histophilus somni. These side effects are likely linked to substances called endotoxins, which can be harmful. Researchers developed a new method to measure the activity of these endotoxins by looking at how they affect a substance called prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in cow blood. They found that the endotoxin from Histophilus somni caused a stronger reaction than other endotoxins tested, even though it didn't show as much activity in a standard test. This new method could help better understand and evaluate the safety of vaccines for cows.
Abstract
Severe side effects of veterinary vaccines, in particular Histophilus somni-containing vaccines for cows, have frequently been reported in Japan. These side effects are probably caused by endotoxins. Contamination levels of endotoxins could be monitored using the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test; however, the LAL test is not completely adequate for evaluation of in vivo endotoxic activities. In this study, we established a method for evaluating endotoxic activities using prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induction in bovine peripheral blood. Blood and standard endotoxin, derived from Escherichia coli, were mixed and incubated. The concentration of induced PGE2 in the culture supernatant reached a maximum after 24-h incubation. A linear dose-response curve was observed for PGE2 concentration and the logarithmic transformed standard endotoxin concentration (5-5000 ng/ml). The endotoxic activity of H. somni in cows was the highest among those of several tested endotoxins. However, the LAL activities of H. somni were not as high as those of the other tested endotoxins. These results may provide a reason for the many report of side effects of H. somni-containing vaccines. The PGE2 detection assay described here could be a valuable method for evaluating the endotoxic activities of vaccines in cows.
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Search related cases →Original publication: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23477739/