Antibody response to feline panleukopenia vaccine in kittens

Abstract

<h4>Objectives</h4>Vaccinations should only be given to healthy cats, and deworming before vaccination is generally recommended; however, so far, no study has investigated the influence of intestinal parasitic infection on the immune response in kittens. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the antibody response to feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) vaccination in kittens with and without intestinal parasites.<h4>Methods</h4>Overall, 74 healthy kittens were included. Of these, 17 had intestinal parasites (12/17 <i>Toxocara cati</i>, 6/17 <i>Cystoisospora felis</i>, 1/17 <i>Capillaria</i> species). Both kittens with and without (n = 57) parasites received two primary kitten vaccinations with modified live FPV vaccines in a 4-week interval starting at the age of 8-12 weeks. Anti-FPV antibodies were determined at the beginning of the study (week 0) and at week 8 (4 weeks after the second vaccination) by haemagglutination inhibition. A ⩾four-fold titre increase (week 8 vs week 0) was defined as a response to vaccination. Comparison of the immune response in the kittens with and without intestinal parasites was performed using Pearson's χ² test.<h4>Results</h4>Pre-vaccination antibodies were present in 4/17 (23.5%) kittens with intestinal parasites and in 24/57 (42.1%) without parasites. A ⩾four-fold titre increase was seen in 13/17 (76.5%) kittens with parasites compared with 32/57 (56.1%) kittens without parasites. There was neither a significant difference in pre-vaccination antibodies (<i>P</i> = 0.17), nor in vaccination response (<i>P</i> = 0.13) between kittens with and without parasites.<h4>Conclusions and relevance</h4>The results indicate that asymptomatic intestinal infections with endoparasites do not interfere with the immune response to kitten vaccination series. Parasitic infection (at least with <i>T cati</i>, <i>C felis</i> and <i>Capillaria</i> species) is therefore not a reason to postpone important vaccinations.