Antimicrobial resistance in Indian isolates of non typhoidal Salmonella of livestock, poultry and environmental origin from 1990 to 2017.

Abstract

A retrospective antimicrobial resistance study of nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica isolates from India during 1990-2017 was conducted to study the microbial susceptibility to antibiotics. A total of 271 Salmonella enterica isolates from poultry (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;146), farm animals (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;55) and environmental sources (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;70) were tested for susceptibility using 15 antimicrobial drugs. The drug classes include aminoglycosides, phenicols, cephalosporins, penicillins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and sulphonamide-trimethoprim. Study revealed that overall, 133 (49.08%) of 271 isolates were resistant to &#x2265;&#xa0;1 antimicrobial drugs and 81 (29.89%) out of 271 isolates were multidrug resistant (resistance to &#x2265; 3 drugs). Majority (68.96%) of Typhimurium serovars (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;87) were susceptible to all antibiotics tested, whereas only 5% Kentucky serovars (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;40) were pan susceptible. All the drugs revealed decreasing trend of susceptibility from 1990 towards 2017 except cephalosporins and carbapenems. Statistical analysis of association between time period and antimicrobial resistance revealed a significance of <&#xa0;0.05. Molecular detection of genetic determinants associated with antimicrobial resistance revealed the presence of genes like class I integrons, sul1, sul2, catIII, cmlA, dfrA, bla, blain the resistant isolates. Furthermore, plasmid mediated quinolone resistant determinants like qnrD and qnrS were also reported in the current study.