Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Antimicrobial use in dog bite wounds from 1999 to 2019
By Kalnins, Nicole J et al.·Published in Journal of veterinary internal medicine·2022·School of Veterinary Science, Australia·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Antimicrobials in dog-to-dog bite wounds: A retrospective study of 1526 dog bite events (1999-2019).
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A study looked at 1,526 cases of dog bite wounds from 1999 to 2019 to understand how often antibiotics were used and which ones were most effective. In most cases, dogs were treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, a common antibiotic, but there were instances of underdosing. The research found that more severe wounds led to the use of stronger antibiotics. However, testing to see which antibiotics would work best was rarely done. The findings suggest that while antibiotics are often prescribed, better testing could help ensure the right treatment is given.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although dog-to-dog bite wounds (DBW) are common, few studies worldwide have evaluated antimicrobial usage patterns or appropriateness of use. OBJECTIVES: Report frequency and results of DBW cultures, including antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Determine the most commonly prescribed antimicrobials and their appropriateness for the treatment of DBW, and if antimicrobial importance is associated with wound severity, clinic type or year. ANIMALS: One thousand five hundred twenty-six dog bite events involving 1436 dogs presenting with DBW from 3 Australian university clinics from 1999 to 2019. METHODS: Retrospective study. Medical records were reviewed for presenting signs, culture and susceptibility testing, antimicrobial treatment, and outcome. A partial proportional odds model was used to determine if use of higher importance antimicrobials was associated with wound severity, clinic, or year. RESULTS: Antimicrobials were prescribed in 88.1% (1344/1526) of DBW. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was prescribed in 73.4% (1121/1526) of dogs, followed by first-generation cephalosporins, 18.1% (277/1526). Of a total of 1647 antimicrobial prescriptions, underdosing occurred in 13.4% for AMC (220/1647) and 26.1% (81/310) of dogs prescribed first generation cephalosporins. There was an association between the increased use of high-importance antimicrobials and wound severity (P < .001), antimicrobial polytherapy (P < .001) and year (P < .001). The odds of the clinic with specialists prescribing high-importance antimicrobials compared to those of medium importance for DBW was 82% less than that of a semi-rural, mixed and general practice. Culture and susceptibility (C&S) testing was performed in 1.8% of dogs. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Empirical use of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was common for DBW. Increasing wound severity was associated with greater use of high-importance antimicrobials. While C&S testing was rarely performed, routine susceptibility profiles are recommended to optimize antimicrobial stewardship.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36398927/