How to safely take arterial blood from small dogs' foot artery

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Arterial blood sampling is typically performed in lateral recumbency. In dogs with suspected hypoxemia, arterial blood sampling in this position may exacerbate hypoxemia. Upright positioning for dorsal pedal artery sampling often reduces restraint and eases breathing in dyspneic dogs. The objective of this technical tutorial video is to demonstrate a safe and accurate method for performing arterial blood sampling, even in conscious small-breed dogs. ANIMALS: Dogs, especially those of small breeds. METHODS: The arterial puncture site was clipped, and a topical local anesthetic was applied for 1 hour. Dogs were held in an upright position to avoid lateral or dorsal recumbency. To prevent limb movement during arterial puncture, the heel of the dog's target leg was secured with an index finger. The dorsal pedal artery was palpated with a finger of the other hand to trace the vascular course. A 25-gauge needle with a heparinized syringe was inserted with the bevel up and advanced horizontally under the skin toward the dorsal pedal artery, avoiding contact with the metatarsus. Upon entering the arterial cavity, blood flowed spontaneously into the syringe. After the required blood was collected, the needle was removed and pressure was applied with cotton and a self-adherent elastic bandage wrap for at least 5 minutes. RESULTS: Arterial blood sample was successfully collected without causing increased distress to the patient. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This method enables safe and accurate arterial blood gas analysis in conscious small-breed dogs, making it useful for early detection of hypoxemia and as a sensitive indicator of treatment response.