Artificial urethral sphincter in male dogs with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence: 19 cases (2010-2017).

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome and safety of surgically placed artificial urethral sphincters in male dogs with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included dogs with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence treated by placing an artificial urethral sphincter from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017. The continence score (scale 1 to 5, with 5 indicating complete continence) was evaluated before and after implantation. Follow-up information was obtained from the institution's medical records (short-term up to 12 months) and questionnaires were completed by telephone (long-term ≥12 months) for evaluation. RESULTS: Medical therapy was unsuccessful in 18 dogs and unknown in one dog before the artificial urethral sphincter placement. Short-term continence improved in 16 of the 19 (84%) dogs. Four patients were lost to follow-up. Nine of 15 (60%) dogs showed long-term continence improvement, eight of 15 (53%) remained completely continent. The median follow-up was 1785 (range 2 to 3234) days. The complication rate was 56% (9/16). Minor complications, including haematoma, stranguria/temporary dyssynergia and mild inflammation at the port, were reported in four of 16 (25%) dogs. Five of 16 (31%) experienced major complications, including stranguria/mechanical urethral obstruction, persistent dyssynergia, fistula at the port and port rotation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Artificial urethral sphincter placement is a valid option for treating incontinent male dogs that show an insufficient response or become refractory to medical or other prior surgical management. A high-complication rate is associated with this procedure.