Assessing the application potential of different species as obstructive sleep apnea models: a comparative analysis based on cranial CT anatomy.

Abstract

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to compare the cranial anatomical characteristics of different animals to provide a scientific basis for the selection of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) animal models. METHODS: We analysed the computed tomography (CT) scan images of humans, Macaca, rabbits, mice, rats, and tree shrews; employed 3D reconstruction and measurement techniques to assess the morphological characteristics of the mandible, hyoid bone, and thyroid cartilage; normalized volumes of the tongue and soft palate, fat distribution, and volume and morphology of the airway in each species; and compared their similarity to the corresponding human structures. RESULTS: Macaca has the greatest similarity to humans in terms of skeletal structure, airway morphology, and fat distribution. With respect to skeletal structure and soft palate research, the anatomical features of tree shrews make them highly competitive candidates. Rabbits have a weak anterior neck area and a long soft palate and tongue base, thus forming a narrow supraglottic and glottic region; when the research target involves these areas, the use of a rabbit model may be more appropriate. CONCLUSION: These findings provide a solid scientific foundation for the selection and optimization of OSA animal models, which not only helps to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of OSA but also promotes the development of new treatment methods.