Assessment and comparison of microcirculation and macrocirculation in horses undergoing emergency exploratory celiotomy versus elective surgical procedures.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess oral buccal microcirculation by hand-held videomicroscopy in horses during colic surgery, comparing microcirculation values with macrocirculatory parameters and with those of healthy elective surgical horses. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical prospective study. ANIMALS: Client-owned horses (nine in the colic group; 11 in the elective group). METHODS: In the colic group, buccal mucosal side stream dark-field microscopy (DFM) videos, cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and lactate were obtained at three timepoints under general anesthesia (30, 90, and 150 min after induction). Video analysis was used to determine total vessel density, proportion of perfused vessels, perfused vessel density, and heterogeneity index. Dark-field microscopy videos, MAP, and lactate were obtained at a single timepoint under general anesthesia (45 min after induction) in the elective group. RESULTS: There were no differences in microcirculatory parameters between colic and elective horses, nor was there a difference across timepoints in the colic group. There was a weak negative correlation between microvascular parameters and CO (rho = -0.23). CONCLUSION: The colic group did not have decreased microcirculation in comparison with the healthy elective group. Dark-field microscopy did not correlate well with macrocirculatory parameters in the colic group. IMPACT: Dark-field microscopy may not be a sensitive enough indicator to detect differences in microcirculation between colic and elective groups. The lack of difference in microcirculation may be due to sample size, probe location, or variation in disease severity.