Assessment of inflammatory biomarkers and their correlation with wound healing status following application of chitosan hydrogel with PRP.

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex, multi-phase biological process involving haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodelling. Chronic wounds, characterized by prolonged inflammation and delayed healing, continue to pose a significant clinical challenge. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hydrogels have emerged as promising therapeutic interventions to accelerate wound repair by enhancing cellular proliferation and tissue regeneration. This study evaluated the efficacy of PRP-loaded chitosan hydrogel in promoting wound healing in a rabbit model. Eight healthy indigenous rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 received PRP-loaded hydrogel, and Group 2 served as a control with a placebo hydrogel. Full-thickness circular wounds were surgically induced, followed by the topical application of respective treatments. Wound healing progression was assessed through morphological analysis, gelatinase activity (MMP-2 and MMP-9), pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-&#x3b1;), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). PRP-loaded hydrogel significantly enhanced wound closure compared to placebo. SEM revealed successful integration of PRP into the porous chitosan hydrogel. Zymography revealed reduced levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in treated wounds. ELISA results demonstrated a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the PRP group, supporting a faster transition from the inflammatory to proliferative phase. Clinical assessments confirmed reduced inflammation and improved healing scores in the treated group. The study demonstrates that PRP-loaded chitosan hydrogel effectively accelerates wound healing by modulating inflammation and supporting tissue regeneration. This biocompatible dressing represents a promising, cost-effective approach for managing wounds in veterinary and potentially human clinical settings.