Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Cigarette smoke exposure linked to bladder cancer risk in Scottish
By Knapp, D W et al.·Published in Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)·2024·Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, United States·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Association between cigarette smoke exposure and urinary bladder cancer in Scottish terriers in a cohort study.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of 120 Scottish terriers aged 6 and older were studied to see if exposure to cigarette smoke was linked to urinary bladder cancer (UC). Out of these dogs, 32 were diagnosed with UC, and researchers found that those living with smokers had a significantly higher risk of developing the cancer. Other factors included living near wetlands and having a history of bladder infections. The study concluded that second-hand smoke was a major risk factor for UC in these dogs, highlighting the importance of reducing smoke exposure to help protect their health.
People also search for: Scottish terrier bladder cancer · dog cancer cigarette smoke · urinary bladder cancer in dogs · second-hand smoke effects on pets
Abstract
Canine urothelial carcinoma (UC) initially responds favorably to treatment, but is ultimately lethal in most cases. Research to identify modifiable risk factors to prevent the cancer is essential. The high breed-associated risk for UC, e.g. 20-fold higher in Scottish terriers, can facilitate this research. The objective was to identify environmental and host factors associated with UC in a cohort of Scottish terriers. Information was obtained through dog owner questionnaires for 120 Scottish terriers ≥ 6 years old participating in a bladder cancer screening study, with comparisons made between dogs that did or did not develop UC during the 3 years of screening. Univariable models were constructed, and variables with P < 0.20 were included when building the multivariable model, and then removed using a backward stepwise procedure. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Urine cotinine concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to further investigate potential cigarette smoke exposure. Biopsy-confirmed UC which was found in 32 of 120 dogs, was significantly associated with the dogs living in a household with cigarette smokers (odds ratio [OR], 6.34; 95 % confidence intervals [CI], 1.16-34.69; P = 0.033), living within a mile of a marsh or wetland (OR, 21.23; 95 % CI, 3.64-123.69; P = 0.001), and history of previous bladder infections (OR, 3.87; 95 % CI, 1.0-14.98; P = 0.050). UC was diagnosed in 18 of 51 dogs (35.3 %) with quantifiable cotinine concentrations, and six of 40 dogs (15.0 %) without quantifiable cotinine concentrations in their urine (P = 0.0165). In conclusion, the main modifiable risk factor for UC in this cohort of dogs was exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38000695/