Association between hyperlipidemia and calcium oxalate lower urinary tract uroliths in dogs.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome is associated with formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths in humans. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between obesity and hyperlipidemia with CaOx lower urinary tract uroliths in client-owned dogs. ANIMALS: Dogs with (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;55, U [uroliths]-dogs) and without (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;39, UF [uroliths-free]-dogs) CaOx lower urinary tract uroliths. METHODS: Case-control study. U-dogs were retrospectively enrolled and compared to UF-dogs. Body condition score (BCS; 1-9 scoring scale), serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (CH) concentrations and glycemia (after >12-hour food withholding) were recorded in both groups. RESULTS: On univariate logistic regression, when excluding Miniature Schnauzers, odds of having uroliths increased by a factor of 3.32 (95% CI 1.38-11.12) for each mmol/L of TG (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;.027), of 39 (95% CI 9.27-293.22) for each mmol/L of glycemia (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;.0001), and of 2.43 (95% CI 1.45-4.45) per unit of BCS (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;.002). In multivariable models, the effect of TG was retained when all breeds were included for analysis and odds of having uroliths increased by a factor of 4.34 per mmol/L of TG (95% CI 1.45-19.99; P&#xa0;=&#xa0;.02). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Serum lipid screening in dogs diagnosed with CaOx uroliths might be recommended to improve their medical staging and management.