Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
How dog and cat age and symptoms link to nasal diseases
By Vilcot, Mathilde et al.·Published in Journal of veterinary internal medicine·2026·Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Association between signalment and clinical signs, and nasal and nasopharyngeal diseases type and localization in dogs and cats.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of 396 dogs and cats with nasal or throat problems were studied to understand how their symptoms and characteristics could help diagnose their conditions. In cats, signs like noisy breathing and difficulty breathing were linked to throat issues, while dogs often showed sneezing or reverse sneezing with nasal problems. Some dogs had nosebleeds, which could indicate either a fungal infection or a nasal mass, with masses causing more airflow issues. Understanding these signs can help veterinarians make better decisions about treatment.
People also search for: cat noisy breathing causes · dog sneezing treatment · nasal mass in dogs · cat breathing problems · dog nasal discharge symptoms
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Upper respiratory tract diseases in companion animals encompass various diagnoses and anatomical localizations that are challenging to distinguish based solely on clinical signs. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Assess associations between signalment and clinical signs, and the localization and categories of nasal and nasopharyngeal diseases in dogs and cats. ANIMALS: A total of 396 client-owned animals (167 cats, 229 dogs) presented for nasal or nasopharyngeal disease at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Liège (Belgium) between 2018 and 2022. METHODS: Retrospective observational cross-sectional study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify associations between signalment and clinical signs and disease type or localization. RESULTS: Nasopharyngeal disease in cats was associated with stertor (odds ratio [OR], 10.1; 95%CI, 2.2-47.3; P = .003), dyspnea (OR, 6.5; 95%CI, 2.0-21.6; P = .002), absence of sneezing (OR, 0.1; 95%CI, 0.03-0.4; P < 0.001), and nasal discharge (OR, 0.04; 95%CI, 0.007-0.2; P < .001). In dogs, nasal and nasopharyngeal localizations were, respectively, associated with sneezing (OR, 95.6; 95%CI, 9.3-987.9; P < .001) and reverse sneezing (OR, 5.7; 95%CI, 1.3-25.2; P = .02). Although epistaxis was associated with both fungal rhinitis and nasal masses in dogs, only masses were associated with decreased nasal airflow (OR, 29.4; 95%CI, 8.1-106.9; P < .001), whereas it was preserved in fungal rhinitis (OR, 0.02; 95%CI, 0.003-0.15; P < .001). Systemic signs were observed in cats with nasal masses (OR, 7.3; 95%CI, 2.5-21.3; P < .001); in dogs, they were linked to fungal rhinosinusitis (OR, 26.1; 95%CI, 3.9-176.0; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Signalment and clinical signs provide valuable indicators for diagnosis and localization of nasal diseases in dogs and cats, which may guide clinical decision-making.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41742593/