Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Aggressive multiple myeloma in young dogs under 1 year
By Wachowiak, Ian J et al.·Published in Veterinary pathology·2022·Colorado State University, United States·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Atypical multiple myeloma in 3 young dogs.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of three young dogs, all under 12 months old, were diagnosed with a rare and aggressive form of cancer called atypical multiple myeloma. Their symptoms included issues related to their bone marrow and high calcium levels, which can cause serious health problems. Tests confirmed the presence of abnormal plasma cells in their blood and bone marrow. Unfortunately, due to the aggressive nature of this cancer, treatment options are limited, and the prognosis for these young dogs is often poor.
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Abstract
Three dogs under 12 months old were diagnosed with atypical multiple myeloma (MM), having an aggressive multifocal anaplastic round cell sarcoma in bone marrow, viscera, and/or peripheral blood, which were confirmed by cytology and immunohistochemistry to be of plasma cell origin. The intramedullary sarcomas caused myelophthisis, osteolysis, and hypercalcemia. Complete or free light chain monoclonal gammopathy in the serum and/or urine was demonstrated by protein electrophoresis and immunofixation. The polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement assay performed on 2 cases identified a clonally rearranged immunoglobulin gene. Neoplastic cells lacked expression of CD45, CD3, CD18, CD21, CD34, and MHCII by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry revealed MUM1 immunoreactivity of the neoplastic cells. Combining all data, the diagnosis was MM. An aggressive form of MM in young dogs should be a differential diagnosis for patients with an immunoglobulin-productive, B cell-clonal, CD45-negative, MUM1-positive discrete cell neoplasm arising from the bone marrow.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35400242/