Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Ultrasound methods to check hip joint tissues in dogs with hip
By Rafael Kretzer Carneiro et al.·Published in BMC Veterinary Research·2023·São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, UNESP, GB·View original on DOAJ →
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Original publication title: B-mode ultrasonography and ARFI elastography of articular and peri-articular structures of the hip joint in non-dysplastic and dysplastic dogs as confirmed by radiographic examination
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of dogs with hip problems underwent both X-rays and ultrasound tests to better understand their condition. The study found that certain changes in the muscles and joint capsule thickness could help diagnose hip dysplasia, a common issue in dogs. For example, if the joint capsule was thicker than 1.10 mm, it was likely a sign of dysplasia. The ultrasound also showed that older dogs with signs of joint disease had a higher chance of being diagnosed with hip dysplasia. This information can help vets make more accurate diagnoses and treatment plans for affected dogs.
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Abstract
Abstract Background Canine hip dysplasia is a common orthopedic disease in veterinary practice. The diagnosis is made by radiographic examinations that evaluate bone alterations associated with hip dysplasia. Although radiographic examination is the gold standard for diagnosis, it does not allow a detailed evaluation of soft tissues such as the joint capsule and periarticular muscles. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of B-mode ultrasonography and acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in assessing the joint capsule and periarticular muscles of dogs using the Orthopedic Foundation of Animals (OFA) classification and the distraction index (DI) in the early and late diagnosis of hip dysplasia. This study sought to propose a protocol for the ultrasonographic evaluation of the structures involved in canine hip dysplasia. Methods Radiographic and ultrasonographic evaluations were performed on 108 hip joints of 54 dogs. Thirty dogs were older than 2 years and 24 were aged between 4 and 10 months. Results It was verified that an increase in pectineus muscle stiffness (cutoff value > 2.77 m/s) by elastography in some dysplastic dogs and an increase in the thickness of the joint capsule (cutoff value > 0.9 mm) in B-mode ultrasonography, were associated with a distraction index > 0.5, with both having a positive correlation. In B-mode ultrasonographic evaluation, the presence of signs of degenerative joint disease, such as irregularities of the cranial edge of the acetabulum and femoral head, were associated with a distraction index > 0.5 in canines, with a specificity of 94%. In adult dogs, the findings of degenerative joint disease on ultrasound were associated with a diseased OFA classification (P < 0.05). Measurement of the joint capsule > 1.10 mm was diagnostic for dysplasia in unhealthy dogs by OFA. Conclusions ARFI elastography has shown that the pectineus muscle may experience changes in stiffness in dysplastic animals. Additionally, changes in joint capsule thickness can be identified in B-mode in young and adult dogs with dysplastic joints, which contributes to the diagnosis of hip dysplasia.
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Search related cases →Original publication on DOAJ: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-023-03753-7