Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Dog with malignant nerve tumor affecting third lumbar spinal nerve
By Elisângela Olegário da Silva et al.·Published in Semina: Ciências Agrárias·2012
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Original publication title: Canine malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor involving nerve roots of the third lumbar spinal cord segment<br>Tumor maligno da bainha de nervo periférico envolvendo raízes nervosas do terceiro segmento medular lombar em um cão
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A 9-year-old mixed-breed dog showed signs of incoordination in its back legs and trouble urinating for about a week. A vet found a mass attached to the lumbar spine during surgery, but despite treatment with fluids, anti-inflammatories, and pain relief, the dog's condition worsened. Unfortunately, the owner chose to euthanize the dog due to the progressive neurological symptoms. The mass was diagnosed as a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, which is a rare type of cancer affecting the nerves.
People also search for: dog incoordination back legs · mixed-breed dog tumor treatment · canine nerve sheath tumor symptoms
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) involving spinal nerve roots are uncommon in dogs. A nine-year old, intact, mixed-breed dog, demonstrated clinical signs of incoordination in the pelvic limbs and micturition for approximately one week. Clinical examination revealed proprioceptive deficits and bilateral patellar hyperreflexia. During exploratory celiotomy a mass was observed adhered to the lumbar vertebral segments. Medical therapy was initiated, but neurological signs were progressive, and the owner opted for euthanasia. Gross examination showed that the mass in the abdominal cavity was attached to the lumbar segments L3 and L4, causing bone lysis in L3, but showed no tumor invasion into the spinal canal. Microscopic features were characterized by prominent proliferation of ovoid and fusiform cells with poorly defined cytoplasm arranged in interlacing bundles and concentric whorls. The cells were embedded in a delicate to moderate collagenous stroma and moderate anisokariose and high mitotic activity were noted. The immunohistochemical assay showed positive staining for GFAP, S-100 protein and vimentin, and negative staining for factor VIII, ?-actin and citokeratine. The definitive diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor was made on the basis of the histological and immunohistochemical findings.<p><p> Tumores malignos da bainha de nervo periférico (TMBNP) em raízes nervosas espinhais são incomuns em cães. Relata-se o caso de um cão, sem raça definida, nove anos de idade, não castrado, com histórico de incoordenação em membros pélvicos e retenção urinária há aproximadamente uma semana. Ao exame clínico constatou-se déficit proprioceptivo e hiperreflexia patelar bilaterais. Durante a celiotomia exploratória constatou-se uma massa intensamente vascularizada e aderida aos segmentos vertebrais lombares. Estabeleceu-se plano terapêutico e o animal foi tratado com fluidoterapia, anti-inflamatório e analgésico. No entanto, diante do agravamento dos sinais clínicos, o proprietário optou pela realização da eutanásia do animal. Ao exame necroscópico observou-se massa em cavidade abdominal, aderida ao corpo dos segmentos vertebrais L3 e L4, porém sem invasão do canal medular. Ao exame microscópico da massa observou-se proliferação de células ovaladas a alongadas, com citoplasma eosinofílico pálido e pouco delimitado. Havia moderada anisocariose e elevado índice mitótico. A matriz extracelular estava disposta em feixes entrelaçados e com arranjo espiralado, entremeado por delicado a moderado estroma. O exame imuno-histoquímico evidenciou marcação positiva para os anticorpos anti-GFAP, anti-S100 e anti-vimentina, e marcação negativa para anti-fator VII, anti-?-actina de músculo liso e anticitoqueratina. Diante dos achados histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos concluiu-se o diagnóstico como tumor maligno de bainha de nervo periférico.
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