Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Dog developed blood clotting disorder after melarsomine treatment
By Philp, Helen S et al.·Published in Frontiers in veterinary science·2023·William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, United States·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Case report: Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a dog following treatment with melarsomine for.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A 9-year-old female pit bull was brought to the vet after her right back leg swelled up a week after receiving her last heartworm treatment with melarsomine. Tests showed she had severe blood clotting issues, and despite treatments like vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma, her condition worsened. Sadly, after further evaluation and no improvement, her owners decided to euthanize her. A necropsy revealed she had heartworm disease and severe complications from the treatment. This case highlights a rare but serious risk associated with heartworm adulticide therapy.
People also search for: dog heartworm treatment side effects · pit bull leg swelling after melarsomine · dog blood clotting issues treatment
Abstract
Disseminated intravascular coagulation following melarsomine therapy foris reported in a 9-year-old female intact pit bull-type dog. The dog had been diagnosed with(antigen and microfilaria positive) and treated with imidacloprid, moxidectin, doxycycline and 3 doses of melarsomine over a 92-day period. Seven days after the third melarsomine injection, the patient was presented to her family veterinarian due to right pelvic limb swelling. Prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times were prolonged beyond the detectable range. Treatment included vitamin K1 and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) prior to referral to the authors' institution. At this time the patient remained coagulopathic. Further investigations included thoracic radiographs, abdominal ultrasound and an echocardiogram. The patient was administered multiple units of packed red blood cells and FFP, sildenafil, dexamethasone SP, aminocaproic acid and vitamin K1. Repeat CBC approximately 20 h after admission showed persistent anemia and thrombocytopenia. Despite ongoing administration of FFP, a repeat coagulation panel showed worsening of the coagulopathy with prothrombin time of 84.2s [reference interval (RI) 7.0-9.3s], activated partial thromboplastin time >140s (RI 10.4-12.9s) and fibrinogen <50 mg/dL (RI 109-311 mg/dL). Following discussion with the owners, the patient was euthanized. Necropsy was performed and confirmed heartworm infection with severe pulmonary arterial thrombosis, vascular remodeling, and intraluminal degenerate nematodes. Multifocal subcutaneous and organ hemorrhage was apparent. Although coagulopathy has been described in caval syndrome associated with heartworm disease and is listed as a potential side effect of melarsomine administration, this is the first report of documented disseminated intravascular coagulation following melarsomine treatment for. Potential mechanisms for the coagulopathy are discussed and the case report highlights a rare, but serious complication of adulticide therapy.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36814463/