Case study: Foleyella furcata from a wild-caught Graceful Chameleon

Abstract

A wild-caught Graceful Chameleon, Chamaeleo gracilis, presented with subcutaneous lesions. Microfilariae were observed from a freshly prepared blood smear. Live filariid parasites were removed from the subcutaneous lesions under a general anaesthesia and were identified as Foleyella species, presumed to be F. furcata.A single topical application of selamectin (Stronghold®, 60 mg/ml, Zoetis) at 12 mg/kg was applied.The chameleon displayed signs of inappetance and lethargy and was found dead 48 hours post treatment. Post mortem examination revealed large nematodes within the ventrocranial aspect of the chest and around the heart. These nematodes were still alive at the time of necropsy. Local inflammation could be seen.In this case report we discuss Foleyella furcata infection in an African chameleon and adverse effects of treatment with selamectin, while considering other treatment options for this parasite.