Cellulose acetate @ functionalized UiO-66-COOH as an affordable coating sorbent for the thin-film extraction of biogenic amines followed by HPLC-MS/MS; Application to various cheese and alcohol-free beverages.

Abstract

Biogenic amines are naturally occurring bioactive compounds synthesized by living organisms, playing vital roles in metabolism. High concentrations of these compounds in the human diet can lead to food poisoning. Therefore, it is crucial to measure the biogenic amines content in food samples to guarantee food safety and protect human health. In this study, a thin film dispersive solid phase extraction method combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was proposed for the non-derivatization determination of some biogenic amines such as putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tryptamine, and 2-phenylethylamine in various types of cheese samples and alcohol-free beverages. For this purpose, cellulose acetate functionalized UiO-66 with free COOH deposited on a stainless-steel mesh was effectively applied as an ultra-thin coating sorbent for the extraction and preconcentration of the target analytes. This resulted in an immense surface area containing a low sorbent amount, long lifetime and fast designing that directly extracted the desired analytes from complicated matrices. The developed design can be a reasonable alternative to electrospinning due to low energy consumption, saving time, and being a cost-effective technique. Under optimal conditions, the method provided wide linearity (5.6-1000 ng g^-1) with high coefficients of determination, satisfactory extraction recoveries, and low limits of detection (0.7-1.7 ng g^-1) and limits of quantification (1.6-5.6 ng g^-1) with good precision (relative standard deviation less than 10%). This innovative method is expected to be applicable to the majority of metal-organic frameworks, which accelerates the advancement and utilization of nanomaterials-coated stainless steel.