Chylothorax-induced diaphragmatic herniation: a novel complication of Gorham-Stout syndrome.

Abstract

A young male with Gorham-Stout syndrome (GSS), a rare lymphovascular disorder causing bone loss, presented with cough, difficulty breathing, and chylous pleural effusion infected with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Despite thoracic duct ligation, his chylothorax recurred. Imaging showed bone lesions in the sternum and ribs, along with thickened pleura. Electromyography revealed mild bilateral phrenic nerve motor conduction abnormalities. A year later, he developed a symptomatic left diaphragmatic hernia with partial bowel obstruction that required surgical repair. This case highlights the need for early diaphragm monitoring in GSS patients with chylothorax to prevent serious complications.