Clinical-Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances in Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Abstract

A comprehensive literature review was conducted to summarise existing evidence and the latest therapeutic advancements in feline HCM. The disease phenotype is characterised by the development of concentric hypertrophy, which is variable but often asymmetric, primarily affecting the left ventricle. The HCM is marked by diastolic dysfunction, resulting in a reduced intracavitary internal diameter due to the disordered alignment of cardiomyocytes and excessive collagen deposition, which thickens the myocardial tissue and impairs relaxation. There is strong evidence supporting the role of genetic mutations in sarcomeric genes in the development of HCM. Clinical signs vary but are frequently associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) and ATE. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies, although certain aspects of the disease remain insufficiently understood and require further research. Therapeutic management focuses on controlling clinical signs, slowing disease progression, and improving both quality of life and life expectancy. However, ongoing studies are essential to refine diagnostic strategies and explore novel treatment options for better disease management.