Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Borderline protein in urine and kidney disease risk in older cats
By Mortier, Femke et al.·Published in Journal of veterinary internal medicine·2025·Small Animal Department·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Clinical importance of borderline proteinuria in nonazotemic cats and evaluation of other risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease.
- Species:
- cat
Plain-English summary
A study found that cats aged 7 years and older with borderline proteinuria (a mild increase in protein in urine) are at a higher risk of developing kidney disease and dying within two years compared to those without proteinuria. Out of 201 healthy cats, those with borderline proteinuria were more likely to show signs of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or pass away during the study period. The researchers suggest that pet owners should pay close attention to this condition in older cats, as it can indicate potential health issues. Regular check-ups and monitoring of kidney function are recommended for these cats to catch any problems early.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Borderline proteinuria is associated with decreased survival in cats with azotemic chronic kidney disease (CKD). OBJECTIVES: Determine the clinical importance of borderline proteinuria in nonazotemic cats. ANIMALS: A total of 201 healthy client-owned cats ≥7 years of age; 150 nonproteinuric (urinary protein : creatinine ratio [UPC] <0.2) and 51 borderline proteinuric (UPC 0.2-0.4). METHODS: Prospective study. Cats were thoroughly screened and subsequently examined every 6 months for 2 years. Kaplan-Meier curves were compared between nonproteinuric and borderline proteinuric cats. Univariable and multivariable Cox models were fit to determine the relationship between development of renal disease and potential risk factors such as age, sex, breed, weight, dental disease, blood pressure, serum creatinine concentration (sCrea), serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration (sSDMA), blood urea nitrogen concentration, urine specific gravity (USG), and UPC. RESULTS: Significantly more cats with borderline proteinuria at inclusion developed renal disease (International Renal Interest Society [IRIS] ≥ stage 2 CKD or renal proteinuria; log-rank P = .004) or died (log-rank P = .02) within 2 years, compared with nonproteinuric cats. In the multivariate analysis, IRIS stage 1 CKD (persistent USG <1.035 or sSDMA >14 μg/dL; hazard ratio [HR], 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-8.8; P < .001), sCrea ≥1.6 mg/dL (≥140 μmol/L; HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-6.4; P = .04), borderline proteinuria (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.2; P = .01), and age at inclusion (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.5; P < .001) were significantly associated with diagnosis of renal disease 6 months later. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Borderline proteinuria should receive more attention in healthy mature adult and senior cats because it is associated with renal disease and death.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39696777/