Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Signs, treatment, and outcome of insecticide poisoning in 102 dogs
By Klainbart, S et al.·Published in Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)·2019·Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of acute organophosphate or carbamate intoxication in 102 dogs: A retrospective study.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of 102 dogs was treated for poisoning after exposure to insecticides called organophosphates or carbamates. Symptoms included muscle tremors, excessive drooling, weakness, vomiting, and diarrhea. Treatment often involved medications like atropine and diazepam, and some dogs needed general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. Dogs that received gastric lavage (a procedure to clear the stomach) had a better chance of survival. Overall, about 83% of the dogs survived, while 17% did not make it due to severe complications like respiratory failure.
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Abstract
Organophosphates (OP) and carbamates are commonly used insecticides and important intoxication sources of humans and animals. Nevertheless, large scale studies of these intoxications in dogs are unavailable. The medical records of dogs presented to a veterinary hospital were reviewed retrospectively. The study included 102 dogs definitely diagnosed with acute OP or carbamate intoxication. The most common presenting clinical signs included muscle tremor, hypersalivation, miosis, weakness, vomiting and diarrhea. Hypersalivation, muscle tremor and tachypnea were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with survival to discharge; while weakness, mental dullness, anorexia, pale mucous membranes and paddling were significantly associated with death. Common laboratory abnormalities included decreased butyrylcholine esterase activity, acidemia, increased total plasma protein, leukocytosis, hypochloridemia, hyperbilirubinemia, increased creatinine and alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and creatine kinase activities, and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Compared to the survivors, the non-survivors showed significantly: higher frequencies of thrombocytopenia, hypocarbemia, prolonged prothrombin time (PT), hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, hypocholesterolemia, hypoproteinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, increased ALT activity and increased urea concentration; lower median concentrations of venous blood bicarbonate, serum chloride and total CO; and higher medians of PT, serum total bilirubin and urea concentrations, and ALT and AST activities. Intoxicated dogs were commonly treated with diphenhydramine, atropine-sulfate, antibiotics, diazepam and pralidoxime, while some (19.2%) required general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. The survival rate of dogs treated by gastric lavage was higher (P = 0.041) compared to that of the remaining dogs. Development of respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation requirement were significantly associated (P < 0.001) with death. The mortality rate was 17%.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31492383/