Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Differences in lung bacteria in cats with asthma and bronchitis
By Werner, Melanie et al.·Published in Frontiers in veterinary science·2023·Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Germany·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Comparison of the respiratory bacterial microbiome in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis.
- Species:
- cat
Plain-English summary
A group of 22 cats with either feline asthma (FA) or chronic bronchitis (CB) were studied to compare the bacteria in their lungs. Both conditions can cause similar breathing problems, but the study found that the overall lung bacteria were quite similar between the two groups, with only minor differences in specific types of bacteria. Interestingly, cats with asthma showed a longer duration of symptoms before diagnosis compared to those with bronchitis. This research helps veterinarians understand the lung microbiome in these conditions, which may assist in future treatments.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES: While feline chronic bronchitis (CB) is known as neutrophilic bronchial inflammation (NI), feline asthma (FA) is defined as an eosinophilic airway inflammation (EI). Feline chronic bronchial disease refers to both syndromes, with similar clinical presentations and applied treatment strategies. Recent studies described alterations of the microbiota composition in cats with FA, but little is known about the comparison of the lung microbiota between different types of feline bronchial disease. The study aimed to describe the bacterial microbiota of the lower respiratory tracts of cats with FA and CB and to identify potential differences. METHODS: Twenty-two client-owned cats with FA (= 15) or CB (= 7) confirmedbronchoalveolar-lavage (BALF)-cytology were included. Next-generation sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes was performed on bacterial DNA derived from BALF samples. QIIME was used to compare microbial composition and diversity between groups. RESULTS: Evenness and alpha-diversity-indices did not significantly differ between cats with FA and CB (Shannon= 0.084, Chao 1= 0.698, observed ASVs= 0.944). Based on a PERMANOVA analysis, no significant differences were observed in microbial composition between animals of both groups (Bray-Curtis metric,-value 0.086,= 0.785; unweighted UniFrac metric,-value -0.089,= 0.799; weighted Unifrac metric,-value -0.072,= 0.823). Regarding taxonomic composition, significant differences were detected foron the phylum level (= 0.026),spp. (= 0.048), and(= 0.049) on the genus level between cats with FA and CB, with generally strong interindividual differences seen. There was a significant difference in the duration of clinical signs before diagnosis in animals dominated by(median 12 months, range 2-58 months) compared to animals dominated by(median 1 month, range 1 day to 18 months;= 0.003). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Lung microbiota composition is very similar in cat populations with spontaneous FA and CB besides small differences in some bacterial groups. However, with disease progression, the lung microbiome of cats with both diseases appears to shift away from dominantlyto a pattern more dominated by. A substantial proportion of cats tested positive forspp.sequencing, while none of them tested positive using classical PCR.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37051512/