Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Esophageal hiatal size differences in brachycephalic and other dogs
By Conte, Alessandro et al.·Published in Veterinary surgery : VS·2020·Animal Health Trust, United Kingdom·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Computed tomographic comparison of esophageal hiatal size in brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic breed dogs.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A study found that brachycephalic dogs, like Bulldogs and Pugs, have a larger esophageal hiatus (the opening where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm) compared to non-brachycephalic dogs of similar size. This anatomical difference may explain why brachycephalic breeds often experience issues like regurgitation or gastroesophageal reflux. Understanding this could help veterinarians better address these common problems in affected breeds.
People also search for: why does my bulldog regurgitate · pug gastroesophageal reflux treatment · brachycephalic dog esophagus problems
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an anatomical difference in esophageal hiatus (EH) size exists between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs (n = 87). METHODS: Clinical records and images of dogs that underwent computed tomography between June 2015 and September 2018 were reviewed. For the first part of the study, EH and aortic (Ao) cross-sectional surface areas were measured in brachycephalic (group 1) and nonbrachycephalic dogs of similar body size (<15 kg) without respiratory or gastroesophageal (GE) signs (group 2) by using multiplanar reconstruction. Esophageal hiatus:aortic ratio was calculated. In the second part of the study, absolute EH measurements were also compared in weight-matched (WM) dogs (8-10 kg) from groups 1 and 2. RESULTS: Mean (±SD) of EH:Ao values for group 1 (8.1 ± 2.8) were higher (P < .0001) than those for group 2 (3.7 ± 1.1). In addition, EH measurements of 20 WM dogs in group 1 were higher than those of 20 dogs in group 2 (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Esophageal hiatus cross-sectional surface area (directly and indirectly measured) in brachycephalic dogs was considerably larger than that in nonbrachycephalic dogs of generally similar body size. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Results of this study provide evidence to support the existence of a specific anatomical factor that could likely correlate to functional GE alterations (eg, regurgitation, gastroesophageal reflux, and sliding hiatal hernia) commonly seen in brachycephalic dogs.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32949429/