Cu/TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles: Enhancing microbial fuel cell performance as photocathode catalysts.

Abstract

This study explores Cu/TiO₂ nanoparticles as photocathode catalysts to enhance microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance. Cu/TiO₂ samples with 1-4 wt% Cu loading were synthesized via low-temperature calcination and characterized for their optical, electrochemical, and photocatalytic properties. The 2 wt% Cu/TiO₂ exhibited optimal performance, with a specific surface area 2.6 times larger than pure TiO₂ and 26 % higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methyl orange (MO). When applied in photocatalytic microbial fuel cell (Photo-MFC), the 2 wt% Cu/TiO₂/SSWM achieved an open-circuit voltage of 790 mV and a power density of 312 mW·m^-2, significantly outperforming traditional Pt catalysts and stainless steel wire mesh (SSWM) controls. Additionally, the MO degradation efficiency reached 99 %, demonstrating superior photocatalytic activity. This study provides a cost-effective and high-performance solution for photocathode materials, achieving high power output and pollutant degradation efficiency, offering a promising alternative to traditional Pt catalysts for sustainable wastewater treatment.