Culture and Behaviour Management of Children in the Dental Clinic: A Scoping Review.

Abstract

Cultural norms, beliefs, and practices influence parental expectations, children's responses, and the acceptance of behaviour management techniques (BMTs) in paediatric dentistry. Despite this, the existing guidelines often adopt a standardized approach, overlooking critical cultural differences. This scoping review maps the links between culture and behaviour management strategies in paediatric dental settings. A scoping review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and hand-searched sources from the inception of the databases to 31 January 2025. A total of 671 studies were identified, with 15 meeting the inclusion criteria. Data on the key findings were inductively analyzed to assess cultural influences on parental acceptance, child behavior, and communication. The findings show that non-invasive BMTs such as TellShow-Do and positive reinforcement were the most accepted across cultures, while passive and active restraints were least accepted, especially in Western populations. Parental preferences varied; Jordanian parents were more accepting of passive restraint than German parents, while general anaesthesia was preferred in Bahrain. Cultural norms shaped communication styles-Latino families emphasized warm interpersonal interactions, whereas Pakistani families exhibited limited parental involvement due to language barriers. Black and Hispanic Medicaid-enrolled mothers in the U.S. reported lower satisfaction with pain management, highlighting disparities in culturally competent care. In conclusion, cultural factors significantly influence paediatric behaviour management in dental clinics. Integrating cultural competence into practice can enhance communication, improve patient compliance, and promote equitable care. Further research is needed, particularly in Africa and South America, to inform globally inclusive behaviour management guidelines.