CURRENT TAXONOMY OF ANIMAL ANAPLASMOSIS

Abstract

The main objective of the presented work is an attempt to give modern ideas about anaplasmas and anaplasmosis of cattle and small ruminants. Anaplasmosis is a blood-parasitic, transmissible, natural focal infection of animals and humans, occurring with the phenomena of deep anemia of an autoimmune nature and exhaustion caused by representatives of the Anaplasmataceae family of the order Rickettsiales. Anaplasmosis of cattle is currently widespread in Russia and in the world, and in most cases occurs in association with pathogens of protozoal, bacterial, viral infections, helminthiasis. The economic damage from it is very noticeable. One of the important links in the control of anaplasmosis is a thorough study of the connections of arthropods and pathogens of natural focal anaplasma infections. The pathogenesis of anaplasmosis has also been studied. Anaplasm penetrates into neutrophils at the site of tick suction or after dissemination into the bone marrow and other tissues. The invaded neutrophils are activated for the secretion of chemokines, which mobilize lymphocytes and macrophages, which subsequently trigger a subsequent cascade of immunological and pathogenetic reactions. In the last decade, the method of comparing the nucleotide sequences of PCR amplification products has been widely used in rickettsiology which allows to make significant amendments to the taxonomy of anaplasmas.