Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Defective Antifluorite MnO<sub>2</sub>-Layered RuO<sub>2</sub> for Direct Seawater Electrolysis at Circum-Neutral pH.
- Year:
- 2025
- Authors:
- Liang NN et al.
- Affiliation:
- School of Energy Engineering · South Korea
Abstract
The direct electrolysis of unbuffered seawater at pH 8.2 remains challenging. This study synthesizes RuO<sub>2</sub> electrodes with electrodeposited polymorphs of MnO<sub>2</sub> (δ-, ε-, γ-, and defective antifluorite [DA]-MnO<sub>2</sub>) as a semipermeable overlayer that selectively allows water transport while blocking chloride diffusion. Whereas the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and chlorine evolution reaction occur simultaneously with the bare RuO<sub>2</sub> electrode, only the former is observed with the MnO<sub>2</sub>-coated RuO<sub>2</sub> electrodes. Compared to the crystalline δ-, ε-, and γ-MnO<sub>2</sub> polymorphs, the DA-MnO<sub>2</sub>/RuO<sub>2</sub> electrode drives the OER at a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of ≈100% for over 100 h in unbuffered seawater, with an OER-FE of ≈98.7% and 90.0% in 1 M and 5 M NaCl, respectively. Based on theoretical calculations, the excellent electrocatalytic behavior of DA-MnO<sub>2</sub> is attributed to the steric structure of the staggered, narrower Mn-O polyhedron channels, inhibiting the diffusion of Cl<sup>-</sup> through the MnO<sub>2</sub> overlayer.
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Search related cases →Original publication: https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40417932