Detection of biofilm formation and antibiotics resistance ofspp. isolated from humans' and birds' oral cavities.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: spp. are widely distributed in nature and can cause nosocomial, skin infections, and foodborne illness, and it may lead to severe financial losses in birds by causing systemic infection in numerous organs. AIM: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence ofspp. in humans and birds in Baghdad city. METHODS: Seventy-six oral cavity swabs were collected, including 41 from birds and 35 from breeders. All samples were examined by bacteriological methods and identified by using the VITEK technique, the samples were then further studied to test the ability of biofilm formation, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) factors and MAR index were tested with the use of seven antibiotics. RESULTS: Among the 76 oral swabs, 37 samples were positive (48.68%) forspp.: 7 human samples (20%) and 30 bird samples (73.17%). In humans,was the most prevalent (42.85%) followed by(28.57%),andwere at (14.29%) to each. In birds,,,,spp,andwere detected in 36.67%, 16.67%, 10%, 10%, 13.33%, 3.33% and 3.33%, respectively.isolates from the human samples demonstrated that onlywas resistant 33.33% to ME, OX, and SXT. Furthermore, one of them was MDR and high MAR index value. The antimicrobial pattern ofspp. isolated from birds was as followsisolates demonstrated 100% resistance to CN, CIP, SXT, and MDR (100%) and high MAR indices value;was resistant 100% against ME, CN, SXT, and Do and it was MDR with high MAR index;was resistant 25% against ME, OX, C, and SXT, whereas,was resistant 33.33% against ME and OX. The results demonstrated that biofilm formation of thespp. isolated from human samples were weak biofilm formers:, and, while other(50%) was moderate. In birds, the majority of the isolates had non-biofilm-producing capabilities, while 80% ofand 100% ofshowed moderate biofilm formation. CONCLUSION: Healthcare problem was observed in this study due to high MDR and MAR index amongspp. isolated from pet birds to their owners and vice versa.