Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
New test developed to detect canine distemper virus in dogs
By Kökkaya, Serkan & Göksu, Ayşe Gençay·Published in Veterinary medicine and science·2025·Department of Microbiology·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Development of an In-House Antigen ELISA Using Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Against an Isolated Canine Distemper Virus.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of 40 dogs suspected of having canine distemper virus (CDV) was tested, and 29 of them (about 73%) were found to be infected. The dogs showed various symptoms, including respiratory issues in 62.5% of cases, neurological problems in 15%, and a mix of symptoms in 22.5%. Researchers developed a new blood test (antigen ELISA) that can reliably detect CDV, showing high sensitivity and specificity. This test can help veterinarians diagnose and manage the disease more effectively, especially in puppies who are at higher risk.
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Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious pathogen that affects several animal families. While animals of all ages are susceptible, puppies face the highest risk. This study aimed to detect CDV in dogs with suspected infection, isolate the virus and develop a sensitive antigen-ELISA test using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Samples were collected from 40 dogs and tested by RT-PCR, then cultured positive samples in MDCK cells for virus isolation. In addition, the CDV F protein gene sequence obtained from the MDCK-34388 isolate was added to GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate belongs to the Asia-1 genotype. Among the 40 tested dogs, 29 (72.5%) tested positive for CDV, exhibiting respiratory, neurological and mixed symptoms in 62.5%, 15% and 22.5% of cases, respectively. Using an inactivated CDV isolate, we produced monoclonal antibodies in BALB/c mice and polyclonal antibodies in New Zealand rabbits. For ELISA development, we HRP-labelled the 1G10-1A monoclonal antibody that targets the CDV F protein. The antigen ELISA test we developed showed 90% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 87.8% and 89.74%, respectively. These findings indicate that the antigen ELISA test is a reliable diagnostic tool for CDV detection, complementing RT-PCR and supporting effective disease management for veterinary practice.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40726065/