Diet and accommodation of the domestic guinea pig population A literature review

Abstract

This exploratory literature review examines the diet and accommodation of the domestic guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), tracing its origins from South American wild populations to its current role as a popular pet, laboratory animal and regional food source. Despite extensive domestication, guinea pigs retain strong behavioural traits from their wild ancestors, notably their need for social groups, foraging and environmental enrichment. The review highlights the importance of replicating naturalistic diets, particularly to provide adequate fibre and vitamin C to prevent common health issues, and discusses the sensitivity of the species to heat and humidity due to its ancestral Andean habitat. Surveys of guinea pig owners from multiple countries reveal varied levels of knowledge regarding husbandry and nutrition. Some studies show regional discrepancies in dietary practices and the impact of housing on guinea pig welfare, notably the negative impact of inadequate housing. The existing literature is fragmented and often location-specific, indicating a need for more generalisable research on pet guinea pig care. Recommendations include tailoring dietary and environmental guidelines to the ethological needs of guinea pigs, and supp