Differences of bioelectrical impedance in the development and healing phase of pressure ulcers and erythema in mouse model.

Abstract

Pressure ulcers (PUs) are economically burdensome medical conditions. Early changes in pressure ulcers are associated with erythema. In this study, bioelectrical impedance was used to measure the differences between PUs and blanchable erythema. We divided 21 ICR mice into three groups: control, 1000&#xa0;mmHg-1h, and 1000&#xa0;mmHg-6h. Healthy skin, blanchable erythema, and PUs were induced on the dorsal skin. The results indicated an immediate increase in impedance, resistance, and reactance values in the pressure group after release, followed by a subsequent decrease until two days after release. Compared with the control group, impedance and reactance significantly increased by 30.9% (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05) and 30.1% (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.01), respectively, in the 6&#xa0;h-loading group immediately after release. One and two days after release, the 1&#xa0;h-loading and 6&#xa0;h-loading groups exhibited significantly different degrees of decline. One day after release, impedance and resistance decreased by 30.2% (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05) and 19.8% (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05), respectively, in the 1&#xa0;h-loading group; while impedance, resistance, and reactance decreased by 39.2% (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.01), 26.8% (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.01), and 45.7% (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05), respectively, in the 6&#xa0;h-loading group. Two days after release, in the 1&#xa0;h-loading group, impedance and resistance decreased by 28.3% (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05) and 21.7% (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05), respectively; while in the 6&#xa0;h-loading group, impedance, resistance, and reactance decreased by 49.8% (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001), 34.2% (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001), and 59.8% (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.01), respectively. One and two days after release the pressure group reductions were significantly greater than those in the control group. Additionally, we monitored changes during wound healing. Distinguishing early PUs from blanchable erythema by noninvasive bioelectrical impedance technology may have applications value in early assessment of PUs.