Discovery of Secondary Metabolites from the Sponge-Derived Fungus <i>Aspergillus templicola</i>.

Abstract

Combining biosynthetic gene cluster analysis with the OSMAC strategy, fractionation of the fermentation extract of <i>Aspergillus templicola</i> from the sponge <i>Agelas</i> sp. led to the isolation of four novel cytochalasins, colachalasins J-M (<b>1</b>-<b>4</b>), a novel cyclic pentapeptide, avellanin P (<b>5</b>), together with five known compounds (<b>6</b>-<b>10</b>). The structures of <b>1</b>-<b>9</b> were elucidated using spectroscopic data, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and Marfey's analysis. Compound <b>2</b> exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity in zebrafish assays. Additionally, Compounds <b>4</b> and <b>6</b> showed modest cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 2.6 to 11.2 μm.