Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Optimizing cephalothin dosing for dog surgery infection prevention
By Del Pilar Zarazaga, María et al.·Published in Research in veterinary science·2024·Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Dose regimen optimization of cephalothin for surgical prophylaxis against Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci in dogs by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of dogs undergoing surgery had their antibiotic, cephalothin, tested to see how well it worked against skin infections caused by Staphylococcus bacteria. The study found that anesthesia and surgery slowed down how quickly the drug was cleared from the body. For effective protection against infections during clean surgeries, the recommended dose of cephalothin is 25 mg per kilogram of body weight, given every six hours through an IV. This dosage was shown to be effective in preventing infections in healthy dogs.
People also search for: dog surgery antibiotic · cephalothin dosage for dogs · preventing infection in dogs after surgery
Abstract
First generation cephalosporins such cephalothin of cefazolin are indicated for antimicrobial prophylaxis for clean and clean contaminated surgical procedures because its antimicrobial spectrum, relative low toxicity and cost. Anesthesia and surgery could alter the pharmacokinetic behavior of different drugs administered perioperative by many mechanisms that affect distribution, metabolism or excretion processes. Intravenous administration of the antimicrobial within 30 and 60 min before incision is recommended in order to reach therapeutic serum and tissue concentrations and redosing is recommended if the duration of the procedure exceeds two half-life of the antimicrobial. To the author's knowledge there are no pharmacokinetic studies of cephalothin in dogs under anesthesia/surgery conditions. The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of cephalothin in anesthetized dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy by a nonlinear mixed-effects model and to determine the effect of anesthesia/surgery and other individual covariates on its pharmacokinetic behavior; (2) to determine the MIC and conduct a pharmacodynamic modeling of time kill curves assay of cephalothin against isolates of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the skin of dogs; (3) to conduct a PK/PD analysis by integration of the obtained nonlinear mixed-effects models in order to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of changing concentrations on simulated bacterial count; and (4) to determine the PK/PD endpoints and PK/PDco values in order to predict the optimal dose regimen of cephalothin for antimicrobial prophylaxis in dogs. Anesthesia/surgery significantly reduced cephalothin clearance by 18.78%. Based on the results of this study, a cephalothin dose regimen of 25 mg/kg q6h by intravenous administration showed to be effective against Staphylococcus spp. isolates with MIC values ≤2 μg/mL and could be recommended for antimicrobial prophylaxis for clean surgery in healthy dogs.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38492279/