Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Early antibody treatment stopped death from canine parvovirus
By Larson, Laurie et al.·Published in Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·2024·University of Wisconsin-Madison·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Early administration of canine parvovirus monoclonal antibody prevented mortality after experimental challenge.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of 8-week-old Beagle puppies was tested for canine parvovirus (CPV), a serious virus that can cause severe illness and death. The puppies were divided into two groups: one received a monoclonal antibody treatment to fight the virus, while the other group received a saline solution. The puppies treated with the monoclonal antibody showed no deaths, while over half of the untreated puppies died from the virus. Additionally, the treated puppies had less severe symptoms, such as diarrhea and vomiting. This suggests that early treatment with the monoclonal antibody can significantly improve outcomes for puppies infected with CPV.
People also search for: puppy parvovirus treatment · canine parvovirus symptoms · Beagle puppy vomiting · parvovirus prevention in dogs
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of canine parvovirus monoclonal antibody (CPMA) as a treatment against canine parvovirus (CPV-2)-induced mortality and to support USDA product licensure. ANIMALS: 28 purpose-bred Beagle dogs aged 8 weeks were randomized to the treated (n = 21) or control (7) group. METHODS: Dogs were challenged intranasally with 104.2 TCID50 virulent CPV-2b on Day 0 and monitored for 14 days for fecal viral shed and clinical disease. All dogs began shedding CPV-2 on Day 4 and were treated intravenously with a single dose of either CPMA (0.2 mL/kg) or saline (equal volume). No additional treatments were given to either group. Feces and sera were collected for quantitative analysis of fecal viral shed (hemagglutination) and antibody responses (hemagglutination inhibition and dot-blot ELISA), respectively. Dogs were monitored twice daily for parameters including lymphopenia, fever, vomiting, abnormal feces, inappetence, and lethargy. Humane endpoints triggered euthanasia by a veterinarian masked to treatment groups. The primary outcome variable was prevention of mortality as compared to controls. RESULTS: Mortality was prevented in all CPMA-treated dogs compared to 57% mortality in the control group (P = .0017, Fisher exact test). Canine parvovirus monoclonal antibody-treated dogs also experienced less severe and/or shorter durations of diarrhea, fever, vomiting, CPV-2 shedding in feces, and lymphopenia. Both groups showed similar immunoglobulin M responses as measured by semiquantitative analysis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intravenous administration of CPMA can effectively improve clinical outcome when administered early in CPV-2 disease. Canine parvovirus monoclonal antibody treatment after proven infection does not interfere with adaptive immunity.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38295522/