Effects of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine lesion of the dorsal raphe nucleus on the antidepressant-like action of tramadol in the unpredictable chronic mild stress in mice.

Abstract

RATIONALE: Tramadol is a centrally acting clinically effective analgesic, with a weak opioid receptor affinity. It shows antidepressant-like effects in animal models such as forced swimming test, learned helplessness, and unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) and enhances the concentrations of noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) by interfering with their reuptake and release mechanisms, like some antidepressants. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore whether the antidepressant-like effects of tramadol is affected by the serotonergic system. For this purpose, the effects of a lesion of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) on the action of tramadol (20 mg/kg, i.p.) on depression-related behavior and neurochemical correlates were investigated in mice. From the third week onward, we administered tramadol chronically during 4 weeks. RESULTS: Tramadol reversed the physical and behavioral abnormalities induced by the UCMS. Furthermore, the lesion of the DRN by 5,7-DHT antagonized the antidepressant-like effects of tramadol on the coat state, in the splash test but not in the resident-intruder test. The results obtained by high-pressure liquid chromatography showed that the level of 5-HT was reduced by the lesion in some brain regions without affecting the level of NA. Moreover, while the UCMS regimen diminished the level of 5-HT, tramadol increased the level of this neurotransmitter in certain regions. CONCLUSIONS: These results seem to indicate that the serotonergic system is critically involved in the antidepressant-like effects of tramadol in the UCMS in mice.