Effects ofadditives on nutrient composition, fermentation quality, microflora structure and metabolites ofsilage.

Abstract

The current situation of feed resource shortage can be effectively solved by high-value utilization of. This study investigated the effects ofR-09 onsilage quality, microbial structure and metabolites. In a randomized experimental design, silage was treated with (LT: 1.5&#x202f;&#xd7;&#x202f;10&#x202f;CFU/kgR-09) or without (LC: control) inoculant, each replicated six times. The LT group exhibited elevated crude fat (&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05), lactic acid (&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05), and isocaproic acid (&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05) content, alongside reduced crude fiber, butyric acid, and mycotoxin levels (&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05). High-throughput sequencing (16S/18S rDNA) revealed comparable microbial diversity across treatments, with Lactobacillus dominating the bacterial community. Notably, LT increased microbial uniformity and suppressed mold proliferation, diminishing their ecological impact. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) profiling identified 464 differentially abundant metabolites, primarily linked to amino acid and lipid metabolism, suggesting a stabilized metabolic network. Taken together, these results suggest that the addition ofR-09 can improve the quality ofsilage by modulating microbial communities and metabolic pathways, thus providing mechanistic insights into the optimization of Lactobacillus-mediated silage fermentation.