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Peer-reviewed veterinary case report

Hydroxocobalamin injections for cats with low B12 and gut disease

By Kook, Peter H et al.·Published in Journal of veterinary internal medicine·2020·Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine·View original on PubMed

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Original publication title: Efficacy of intramuscular hydroxocobalamin supplementation in cats with cobalamin deficiency and gastrointestinal disease.

Species:
cat

Plain-English summary

A group of 23 cats with gastrointestinal disease and low vitamin B12 levels (cobalamin deficiency) received intramuscular injections of hydroxocobalamin, a form of vitamin B12. The cats showed significant improvement in their symptoms, including better appetite and less vomiting and diarrhea, after receiving the injections every two weeks. Their vitamin B12 levels increased dramatically, and most cats had normal levels after treatment. This suggests that hydroxocobalamin injections can effectively treat vitamin B12 deficiency in cats with gastrointestinal issues.

People also search for: cat vomiting treatment · cat diarrhea causes · vitamin B12 deficiency in cats · hydroxocobalamin for cats · cat gastrointestinal disease symptoms

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In humans, absorption and tissue retention rates of intramuscularly administered hydroxocobalamin (OH-Cbl) are superior compared to cyanocobalamin (CN-Cbl). Supplementation with OH-Cbl has not been described in cats. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate effects of parenteral OH-Cbl supplementation on clinical signs, serum Cbl and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations in hypocobalaminemic cats with gastrointestinal disease. ANIMALS: Twenty-three client-owned cats. METHODS: Prospective study. Serum Cbl and MMA concentrations were determined at enrollment (t0), immediately before the 4th OH-Cbl IM injection (300&#x2009;&#x3bc;g, given q2&#x2009;weeks) (t1), and 4&#x2009;weeks after the 4th injection (t2). Severity of clinical signs (activity, appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, body weight) was graded at each time point and expressed as clinical disease activity score. RESULTS: Median clinical disease activity score decreased significantly from t0 (6; range, 2-10) to t1 (1; range, 0-6) and t2 (1; range, 0-9). Median serum Cbl concentration increased significantly from 111&#x2009;pmol/L (range, 111-218; reference range, 225-1451&#x2009;pmol/L) at t0 to 1612&#x2009;pmol/L (range, 526-14&#x2009;756) (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001) at t1, and decreased again significantly to 712&#x2009;pmol/L (range, 205-4265) (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;.01) at t2. Median baseline serum MMA concentration at t0 (802&#x2009;nmol/L; range, 238-151&#x2009;000; reference range, 120-420&#x2009;nmol/L) decreased significantly (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001) to 199&#x2009;nmol/L (range, 29-478) at t1, and was 205&#x2009;nmol/L (range, 88-734) at t2. Serum MMA concentrations normalized in 22/23 cats at t1, and were not significantly higher at t2 compared to t1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The herein described OH-Cbl injection scheme appears efficacious for normalization of cellular Cbl deficiency in cats with gastrointestinal disease.

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Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32815652/