Efficacy of oral afoxolaner against Amblyomma maculatum infestations in dogs.

Abstract

Amblyomma maculatum, the Gulf Coast tick, is a species of significant veterinary and public health importance, especially because it is a vector of important diseases, such as American canine hepatozoonosis and tidewater spotted fever. Amblyomma maculatum infests a wide range of vertebrates including livestock, dogs, cats, and humans. Two experimental studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of afoxolaner formulated in an oral tablet (NexGard) against induced infestations of A. maculatum in dogs. These Good Clinical Practice (GCP) studies used a randomized, negative controlled and masked design. In each study, 10 dogs were allocated to an untreated group and 10 dogs to a treated group, dosed once on Day 0 with a combination of tablets targeting the minimum therapeutic dose (2.5 mg/kg afoxolaner). Dogs were infested with 50 unfed adult A. maculatum on Days -2, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 (Study #1), or on Days -1, 14, and 28 (Study #2). Seventy-two (72) hours after treatment and subsequent infestations, ticks were removed and the numbers of live ticks in each group were used for efficacy calculations. At each time-point, all untreated dogs were adequately infested (i.e., with more than 12 live ticks), demonstrating a vigorous tick population and an adequate study model. The curative efficacy against established infestations, 72 hours after treatment, was 100% in Study #1 and 99.5% in Study #2. The preventive efficacy, 72 hours after the post-treatment infestations, ranged from 94.6% to 98.9% for five weeks in Study #1, and was ≥98.8% for four weeks in Study #2.