Enhanced characterization of acquired oronasal communications in dogs by cone-beam computed tomography: findings, risk factors, and clinical utility.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively characterize cone-beam CT (CBCT) features, risk factors, and concurrent imaging findings of acquired oronasal communications (ONCs) in dogs. METHODS: A medical record search of the Dentistry and Oral Surgery Service (University of California-Davis) identified dogs diagnosed with ONCs via dental probing and CBCT from December 2014 to November 2023. Demographics, ONC location/size, number/presence/absence of involved teeth, dehiscence, clinical signs and incidental imaging findings were recorded. RESULTS: 40 patients were enrolled. Mean age, weight, and ONC size were 10.8 years, 5 kg, and 15.57 mm2, respectively; no sex predilection was identified. Chihuahuas showed a two-fold higher ONC prevalence than non-Chihuahua dogs (6.63% vs 2.72%). Non-Chihuahuas had a higher number of teeth involved and absent teeth within the ONC. The main cause of ONCs was periodontal disease. Age and body weight emerged as predictors of ONC area; however, in interaction models, neither age nor breed remained significant. Clinical signs were not reliable predictors. Dehiscence rate was 15%. One-third of patients showed a major or minor incidental finding. CONCLUSIONS: CBCT imaging allowed precise characterization of ONC, informing surgical planning and recognition of incidental findings. Chihuahuas and related crosses had increased risk for ONC, and extent of dental involvement was the primary contributor to ONC size. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: ONC assessment via CBCT provided advantages for precise surgical planning and enhanced recognition of incidental findings that may have been missed otherwise. Increased risk for Chihuahuas and related crosses should warrant prompt screening for ONC in this breed.