Enhancing track and field training feedback through 6G enabled transparent optical sensor networks.

Abstract

6G-based feedback systems are essential in developing overall athletic performance via timely data relayed to coaches and athletes. This study explored the feasibility of implementing 6G technology in an optically transparent sensor system for sports applications and how these systems may affect athlete performance. The sensor system was designed to incorporate optical gates and motion sensors placed at the starting point, middle, and turning positions (left and right). Gates were activated by infrared light beams (wavelength of 850 nm), triggered by the athlete's presence or motion. The system's optical gates were calibrated for a spatial resolution of 1 mm and connected to a network via Wi-Fi with 6G technology for low-latency real-time data transmission. A pilot study was conducted at the Hangzhou Asian Games in September-October 2023, involving 40 athletes randomly assigned to control (traditional coaching) and experimental (sensor-based system) groups. Performance metrics were measured, including agility, jump kinematics, fatigue, and movement symmetry. Data analysis was conducted using ANOVA and t-tests in GraphPad Prism version 9.5.1 at p < .05 to assess the significance of performance improvements. Timing analysis showed a 29.4% decrease in completion time (p = .003), and improvements in split times (37.5% and 13.2%) and stride length (-33.3%) were observed, although the latter was not statistically significant. Movement kinematics demonstrated significant changes, with jump height increasing by 9.09% (p = .01), vertical jump time decreasing by 21.43% (p = .002), and vertical acceleration improving by 11.76% (p = .004). Turning velocity increased by 50% (p = .03), and body orientation during turns improved by 40% (p = .0006). Joint angles and limb displacement analysis revealed significant gains in ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion, hip flexion, and stride length, with vertical displacement improving by 10 cm (p < .001). The jumping performance and stride mechanics improved in the experimental group across all sessions, with better stride length and quicker ground contact recovery. User feedback showed positive perceptions of the system, especially regarding agility and speed. Incorporating 6G technology in optically transparent sensor systems improves athletic performance by furnishing reliable, real-time data.