Ethical Challenges in Advanced Dementia: Role of Enteral Feeding Devices.

Abstract

This review presents a critical analysis of enteral nutrition through feeding tubes in patients with advanced dementia, exploring medical, ethical, and sociofamilial aspects. The main goals include understanding the implications of artificial nutrition, considering human rights and medical ethics, and providing practical guidance for physicians and caregivers. We discuss different forms of enteral nutrition, such as nasogastric tubes and gastrostomies, highlighting specific indications and associated risks. The right to informed consent, treatment refusal, and advance directives is explored in detail. It is concluded that the decision to initiate artificial feeding should be a collaborative one, involving physicians, family members, and, when possible, the patient - always prioritizing the patient's best interests. Continuous education, debunking myths, and flexibility in approach are essential. Additionally, respecting patient autonomy and supporting caregivers are fundamental to providing compassionate end-of-life care for patients with advanced dementia.