Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Causes and fluid details of pyothorax in 29 cats and 60 dogs
By Johnson, Lynelle R et al.·Published in Journal of veterinary internal medicine·2023·Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, United States·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Etiology and effusion characteristics in 29 cats and 60 dogs with pyothorax (2010-2020).
Plain-English summary
A group of 60 dogs and 29 cats were diagnosed with pyothorax, which is an accumulation of pus in the chest cavity that can cause breathing problems. The study found that both species had similar causes, often linked to penetrating injuries, but cats showed higher levels of bacteria in their fluid samples compared to dogs. Most cats had neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) containing bacteria, indicating a more severe infection. Treatment typically involved antibiotics, and understanding these differences can help vets provide better care for pets suffering from this condition.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pyothorax, an accumulation of inflammatory fluid in the pleural space, is often caused by foreign body inhalation in dogs, whereas the etiology in cats can be more difficult to discern. OBJECTIVE: Compare clinical, microbiologic findings, and etiology in cats and dogs with pyothorax. ANIMALS: Twenty-nine cats and 60 dogs. METHODS: Medical records of cats and dogs diagnosed with pyothorax from 2010 to 2020 were reviewed. Clinical findings, fluid analysis, and microbiologic results were retrieved. RESULTS: Antimicrobials had been administered to equal proportions of cats and dogs before fluid sampling (45% and 47%). Groups did not differ in age or total protein concentration or percentage neutrophils in pleural fluid, but effusion cell count was significantly higher in cats than in dogs (P = .01). Neutrophils containing intracellular bacteria were identified in more cats (27/29, 93%) than dogs (44/60, 73%; P = .05). Penetrating damage to the thorax was implicated as the cause of pyothorax in equal percentages of cats (76%) and dogs (75%). Etiology could not be determined in 2 cats and 1 dog. Cats had higher numbers of bacterial isolates per patient (median, 3) than dogs (median, 1; P = .01) and anaerobes were isolated more often in cats (23/29, 73%) than in dogs (27/60, 45%; P = .003). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Pyothorax had similar etiologies in cats and dogs. Cats had higher fluid cell counts, higher numbers of bacterial isolates identified per patient, and intracellular bacteria detected more commonly than did dogs.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37098692/