Evaluating perceived stressors and areas of needed support in animal shelter and rescue workers and volunteers

Abstract

Abstract Background: Animal shelter and rescue workers and volunteers face significant occupational stress due to ongoing and frequent exposure to animal suffering, in addition to human suffering. While compassion fatigue and burnout are well-documented in human-care professions, research on their effects in animal welfare remains limited. High turnover rates, emotional strain, and lack of mental health support contribute to long-term well-being concerns for shelter and rescue workers and volunteers. Methods: This study surveyed 143 animal shelter and rescue workers and volunteers using a mixed-methods approach. A 26-item quantitative questionnaire measured the frequency and perceived stress of work and volunteer-related experiences. Additionally, six open-ended qualitative questions explored the emotional and psychological impact of this work, coping mechanisms, and preferred mental health support modalities and topics of therapeutic need. Data were analyzed using SPSS for statistical comparisons and NVivo for thematic analysis. Results: The most frequently encountered stressors included pressure to place animals in homes, lack of public support for animal welfare, staff and volunteer shortages, and witnessing animal neglect. The most stressful experiences were euthanasia, inability to save an animal’s life, and exposure to animal abuse. Qualitative findings revealed themes of emotional and physical exhaustion, lack of workplace support, and financial strain. Despite these challenges, participants found fulfillment through animal connections, successful adoptions, and community support. The most common response from participants was an interest in mental health resources with support groups being the most preferred intervention. Conclusion: This study highlights the urgent need for structured mental health interventions for animal welfare workers and volunteers. Addressing compassion fatigue and burnout through support groups, therapy options, and workplace well-being initiatives can improve employee retention, job satisfaction, and overall quality of animal care. Future research should focus on the effectiveness of targeted mental health interventions for this population.